“Bridges are dynamic structures constantly exposed to environmental and mechanical forces. Temperature changes, seismic events, traffic loads, and even wind can cause movement. Understanding these forces helps engineers design joints that absorb stress and protect the structure.”
- Thermal Expansion and Contraction: Seasonal temperature changes cause bridge materials to expand and shrink.
- Seismic Activity: Earthquakes and tremors shift bridge foundations and decks.
- Traffic Loads: Heavy vehicles and dynamic forces create stress and deflection.
- Wind and Vibration: Wind pressure and oscillations affect long-span bridges.
- Foundation Settlements: Soil movement or erosion can cause uneven support.
- A multi-factor diagram showing a bridge with icons for:
- Sun (heat)
- Snowflake (cold)
- Truck (traffic load)
- Earthquake wave
- Wind arrows
- Soil layers shifting below